Applicability
- Microsoft Silverlight, versions 3 and greater
- Silverlight managed programming model and Silverlight XAML
Microsoft has stopped updating and distributing Silverlight, and authors are encouraged to use HTML for accessible web content.
This technique relates to Success Criterion 1.1.1: Non-text Content (Sufficient).
Description
The objective of this technique is to wrap the Silverlight Image class
inside a UI container class that is focusable. If the image is focusable,
users who use the TAB sequence to navigate content while the assistive
technology is active, and/or assistive technologies that construct
navigation structures that are based on the TAB sequence, can both
detect the image in navigation. The assistive technology can then associate
alternative text for that image within the navigation structure, and
report the information to the user.
Many existing assistive technologies do not construct initial navigation views that are derived from UI Automation information if it is coming from a non-focusable element in a Silverlight user interface. This is particularly true if the assistive technology is in a navigation mode that is specifically intended to help users enter information into a form or similar interactive interface element; an example of this situation is the Forms Mode of the JAWS screen reader.
Image is
an example of a Silverlight element that is not focusable. This technique
and the example therein are intended to circumvent the possible omission
of a nonfocusable Silverlight Image element from certain
navigation views in existing assistive technology implementations.
The Silverlight Image is wrapped with a display/viewer
control class that is focusable. This image-wrapping control is initially
presented in assistive technology representations of a Silverlight
user interface that use only focusable elements when constructing the
assistive technology's representation of the application.
The image wrapper class uses the AutomationProperties.Name property
to provide a short text alternative for the contained Image,
so that the alternative text can be read or otherwise presented by
assistive technologies. The Silverlight API AutomationProperties.Name directly
sets Name in the UI Automation tree. The properties
in the UI Automation tree are reported to assistive technologies, when
the assistive technology implements behavior that acts as a UI Automation
client. Name is one of the accessibility framework
properties that most assistive technologies present in some way, for
purposes of both name and value information, and setting Name is
the common technique for exposing text alternatives for any other Control class
(for example, for a button with an image, as shown in the technique ).
This technique is intended for cases where application authors deliberately do not want a visible image caption for the image to be part of the user interface, and the image is a part of a larger interactive user interface control or page. Otherwise, if there is a visible caption, authors can use .
Examples
The two examples are intended to be used together, if an application is both defining and consuming the focusable image control.
Example 1: Defining the FocusableImage XAML template and C# code behavior
Silverlight supports a control development model whereby the visual appearance of a control is largely defined in XAML, and the behavior of a control (such as its event handling and hookups to services) are implemented in a managed code language such as C#. The following is the XAML template, which includes a visual state that shows visually when the control is focused in UI.
<ResourceDictionary
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:ImageEquivalent">
<Style TargetType="local:FocusableImage">
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="local:FocusableImage">
<Grid>
<VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
<VisualStateGroup x:Name="FocusStates">
<VisualState x:Name="Focused">
<Storyboard>
<ColorAnimation
Storyboard.TargetName="focusborder"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BorderBrush).(SolidColorBrush.Color)"
Duration="0" To="Blue"/>
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
<VisualState x:Name="Unfocused"/>
</VisualStateGroup>
</VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
<Border
x:Name="focusborder"
BorderThickness="4"
BorderBrush="Transparent">
<Image
Margin="2" Opacity="10"
Source="{TemplateBinding Source}"/>
</Border>
</Grid>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>
</ResourceDictionary>
The following is the C# class definition and logic. The logic includes invoking a default automation peer on creation, and loading the template as defined in the previous XAML example through the Silverlight "generic.xaml" resource convention for custom controls.
namespace ImageEquivalent
{
public class FocusableImage : Control
{
protected override System.Windows.Automation.Peers.AutomationPeer OnCreateAutomationPeer()
{
return new FrameworkElementAutomationPeer(this);
}
public FocusableImage()
{
this.DefaultStyleKey = typeof(FocusableImage);
}
public ImageSource Source
{
get { return (ImageSource)this.GetValue(SourceProperty); }
set { this.SetValue(SourceProperty,value); }
}
public static DependencyProperty SourceProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(
"Source",
typeof(ImageSource),
typeof(FocusableImage),
null);
Boolean _Focused;
void ChangeState()
{
if (_Focused)
{
VisualStateManager.GoToState(this,"Focused",false);
}
else
{
VisualStateManager.GoToState(this,"Unfocused",false);
}
}
protected override void OnGotFocus(RoutedEventArgs e)
{
base.OnGotFocus(e);
this._Focused = true;
ChangeState();
}
protected override void OnLostFocus(RoutedEventArgs e)
{
base.OnGotFocus(e);
this._Focused = false;
ChangeState();
}
}
}
This example is shown in operation in the working example of Focusable Image.
Example 2: Using the FocusableImage class in UI and applying AutomationProperties.Name
Now that the image is wrapped by a focusable control, you can instantiate
an instance of the wrapper UI inside a Silverlight layout container,
specify AutomationProperties.Name at the level of
the wrapper control’s tag, and have that text serve as the alternative
text for the referenced source image file.
<StackPanel
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:ImageEquivalent;assembly=FocusableImage"
>
<local:FocusableImage
Height="300" Width="400
AutomationProperties.Name="Diagram of secret lair"
Source="/diagram_lair.png" />
</StackPanel>
Resources
Resources are for information purposes only, no endorsement implied.
Tests
Automation Tree
Procedure
- Open the test HTML page in a Silverlight-supported useragent host; to use UI Automation, use Microsoft Windows as platform.
- Use the tab sequence inside the Silverlight content area to focus the control.
- Using an accessibility framework verification tool, check that
the string content is promoted as the default
Nameapplied to the control.
Accessibility framework verification tools typically show the entirety of an automation tree for a given application, and in fact will show the tree for all applications running on the Windows client machine. Focusing the control as in #2 is thus not strictly speaking necessary. However, manually focusing using the application interface is often a faster way to step into the automation tree as opposed to having to open an extensive series of nested nodes starting from the browser host application root. Whether this functionality exists depends on which accessibility framework verification tool is being used for testing.
Expected Results
#3 is true.
Screen Reader
Procedure
- Using a browser that supports Silverlight, open an HTML page that references a Silverlight application through an object tag. To use UI Automation, use Microsoft Windows as platform.
- Engage the screen reader. Move focus to the control (for example, use the tab sequence).
- Check that the
Nameapplied to the image is read by the screen reader.
Expected Results
#3 is true.